4.1 Ionic Bonding and Structure

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of electron transfer in ionic bonding?

A. Sharing of electrons between two atoms

B. Complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another

C. Partial transfer of electrons between atoms

D. No transfer or sharing of electrons

Why do atoms form ions?

A. To gain kinetic energy

B. To achieve a full outer electron shell

C. To become isotopes

D. To increase their atomic size

Which property is NOT associated with ionic compounds?

A. High electrical conductivity in molten state

B. Low melting and boiling points

C. Formation due to electron transfer

D. Strong electrostatic forces between ions

What is the primary reason for the high melting and boiling points of ionic compounds?

A. Covalent bonding

B. Weak van der Waals forces

C. Strong electrostatic forces between ions

D. Hydrogen bonding

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the crystal lattice structure of ionic compounds?

A. Organised arrangement of ions

B. High flexibility and malleability

C. Repetitive 3D pattern of ions

D. Maximises attractive forces and minimises repulsive forces

a) Describe the mechanism of electron transfer during the formation of an ionic bond. [2]

b) Explain how the octet rule relates to the stability of ions formed during ionic bonding. [2]

a) Given the properties of ionic compounds, explain why they generally have high melting and boiling points. [2]

b) Describe the arrangement of ions in a crystal lattice and its significance in ionic compounds. [2]

a) Using sodium chloride as an example, explain how the formation of cations and anions leads to the creation of an ionic compound. [2]

b) What is the significance of the sea of delocalised electrons in metallic bonding? [2]

a) Describe the difference between a cation and an anion. [1]

b) Using magnesium oxide as an example, explain the electron transfer that occurs during the formation of this ionic compound. [2]

c) Why do ionic compounds like magnesium oxide exhibit electrical conductivity when dissolved in water? [3]

a) What role does the octet rule play in the formation of ionic bonds? [2]

b) Explain the significance of electrostatic forces in maintaining the structure of ionic compounds. [2]

c) Why do ionic compounds typically have high boiling points compared to covalent compounds? [3]