20.1 Isomerism

Which type of isomerism results from a difference in the arrangement of atoms along the carbon skeleton?

A. Chain Isomerism

B. Geometric Isomerism

C. Optical Isomerism

D. Functional Group Isomerism

Which of the following is NOT a type of structural isomerism?

A. Position Isomerism

B. Functional Group Isomerism

C. Cis-Trans Isomerism

D. Chain Isomerism

In which type of isomerism do compounds have the same molecular formula but different functional groups?

A. Chain Isomerism

B. Position Isomerism

C. Functional Group Isomerism

D. Optical Isomerism

Which type of isomerism results from the presence of a chiral centre in a molecule?

A. Chain Isomerism

B. Geometric Isomerism

C. Optical Isomerism

D. Position Isomerism

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of optical isomers?

A. They rotate plane-polarised light.

B. They have the same physical properties.

C. They have different arrangements around a double bond.

D. They are non-superimposable mirror images.

a) Define chain isomerism and provide an example of an organic compound that exhibits this type of isomerism. [2]

b) Explain the significance of chain isomerism in organic reactions, particularly in the context of reactivity and boiling points. [3]

a) Describe geometric (cis-trans) isomerism and illustrate with an example. [2]

b) Why is geometric isomerism important in drug design and biological activity? [3]

a) Define optical isomerism and explain the concept of a chiral centre. [2]

b) Why is optical isomerism significant in biochemistry and medicine? [3]

a) Differentiate between functional group isomerism and position isomerism with the help of an example for each. [3]

b) Given the molecular formula C4H8O, provide an example of a compound that exhibits functional group isomerism. [2]

c) How does the difference in the functional group affect the chemical properties of the isomers? [2]

a) What is meant by chain isomerism? Provide an example using a six-carbon alkane. [2]

b) Describe the concept of geometric isomerism using an example of a four-carbon alkene. [3]

c) How does the presence of a chiral centre lead to optical isomerism? [2]