10.1 Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry

Which functional group is primarily responsible for the acidic properties of carboxylic acids?

A. Hydroxyl

B. Carbonyl

C. Carboxyl

D. Amino

Which of the following compounds would be named using the IUPAC naming convention as 2-methylpropan-1-ol?

A. CH₃-CH(OH)-CH₃

B. CH₃-CH₂-CH₂-OH

C. CH₃-CH(CH₃)-CH₂-OH

D. CH₃-C(CH₃)(OH)-CH₃

Which of the following functional groups is commonly found in amino acids?

A. Ester

B. Ether

C. Amino

D. Alkene

In the IUPAC naming convention, how is the position of a functional group indicated in a compound with multiple functional groups?

A. By using Greek letters

B. By using the functional group's name as a prefix

C. By using numbers to indicate the carbon atom to which it is attached

D. By using capital letters

Which of the following compounds is an aldehyde?

A. CH₃-COOH

B. CH₃-OH

C. CH₃-CHO

D. CH₃-CO-CH₃

a) Define the term "functional group" in the context of organic chemistry. [2]

b) Explain the significance of functional groups in predicting the properties and reactivity of organic compounds. [3]

a) List four common functional groups and provide a brief description for each. [4]

b) Why is the systematic naming, using IUPAC conventions, important in organic chemistry? [3]

a) Describe the difference between primary, secondary, and tertiary classifications in the context of organic compounds. [3]

b) Given the compound name "2-methylpropan-1-ol", identify the functional group present and classify it as primary, secondary, or tertiary. [2]

a) What is the role of functional groups in determining the physical and chemical properties of organic compounds? [2]

b) Identify the functional group present in ethanoic acid and describe its properties. [3]

c) How does the presence of multiple functional groups in a compound affect its reactivity? [2]

a) Why is the IUPAC naming system important in organic chemistry? [2]

b) Name the compound with the molecular formula C4H8O2 that contains both a carbonyl and a hydroxyl functional group. [3]

c) Explain the significance of the position of functional groups in determining the name of an organic compound. [2]