6.4 Gas Exchange

Which structure in the respiratory system is primarily responsible for gas exchange?

A. Trachea

B. Bronchus

C. Alveoli

D. Larynx

What role does haemoglobin play in oxygen transport?

A. Produces oxygen

B. Binds to oxygen and transports it in the blood

C. Converts oxygen to carbon dioxide

D. Expels oxygen from the body

How does negative pressure breathing facilitate inspiration?

A. By increasing air pressure in the lungs

B. By decreasing air pressure in the lungs

C. By producing oxygen in the lungs

D. By expelling carbon dioxide from the lungs

Which muscles are primarily involved in the process of inspiration?

A. Abdominal muscles

B. Intercostal muscles and diaphragm

C. Pectoral muscles

D. Trapezius muscles

How is most of the carbon dioxide transported in the blood?

A. Bound to hemoglobin

B. Dissolved in plasma as bicarbonate ions

C. As carbon monoxide

D. Attached to oxygen molecules

a) Describe the structure and function of the alveoli in the respiratory system. [3]

b) Explain how the principles of diffusion apply to gas exchange in the alveoli. [3]

a) Discuss the roles of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles in inspiration and expiration. [4]

b) How does negative pressure breathing facilitate the movement of air into and out of the lungs? [2]

a) Explain the role of haemoglobin in oxygen transport in the blood. [3]

b) Discuss how carbon dioxide is transported in the blood from the body tissues to the lungs. [3]

a) Outline the passage of air from the nasal cavity to the alveoli. [4]

b) How do the structure and function of the respiratory system facilitate gas exchange? [3]

c) Discuss the importance of the diaphragm in the respiratory system. [2]

a) Explain the concept of negative pressure breathing. [3]

b) How do intercostal muscles contribute to this process? [2]

c) Discuss the role of haemoglobin in transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide. [3]