How does self-consciousness evolve during childhood?

Self-consciousness develops gradually throughout childhood, influenced by cognitive, social, and cultural factors.

During the first year of life, infants develop a rudimentary sense of self-awareness, as demonstrated by the mirror test. By the age of 2, children begin to recognize themselves in photographs and use personal pronouns to refer to themselves.

Around the age of 3, children develop a more complex understanding of themselves as individuals with unique traits and preferences. They become aware of their own emotions and those of others, and begin to compare themselves to their peers.

As children enter school, they become more aware of social norms and expectations, and may feel pressure to conform to these standards. They also become more aware of their own strengths and weaknesses, and may develop a sense of self-esteem based on their academic and social achievements.

Cultural factors also play a role in the development of self-consciousness. For example, individualistic cultures may place greater emphasis on personal autonomy and self-expression, while collectivistic cultures may prioritize social harmony and conformity.

Overall, the development of self-consciousness is a complex and ongoing process that is influenced by a variety of cognitive, social, and cultural factors.