How might the research question shape the chosen methodology?

The research question fundamentally determines the methodology by dictating the type of data needed and the most suitable methods of collection and analysis.

The research question is the cornerstone of any research project, and it is the first step in determining the methodology. It sets the direction for the study and guides the choice of methods used to collect and analyse data. The nature of the question will determine whether the research is qualitative or quantitative, experimental or observational, and what kind of statistical analysis is appropriate.

If the research question is seeking to understand a phenomenon in depth, a qualitative methodology might be chosen. This could involve methods such as interviews, focus groups, or case studies, which allow for a rich, detailed exploration of the topic. For example, if the question is "How do adolescents understand their experiences of social anxiety?", the researcher might choose to conduct in-depth interviews to gain a deep understanding of individual experiences.

On the other hand, if the research question is looking for a measurable relationship between variables, a quantitative methodology would be more appropriate. This could involve methods such as surveys or experiments, which allow for the collection of numerical data that can be statistically analysed. For instance, if the question is "What is the relationship between sleep duration and academic performance in adolescents?", the researcher might choose to conduct a survey to collect data on these variables.

Furthermore, the research question can also influence whether the study is experimental or observational. If the question is about the effect of a specific intervention or treatment, an experimental design might be chosen, where the researcher manipulates one variable and observes the effect on another. For example, if the question is "Does cognitive-behavioural therapy reduce symptoms of depression in adolescents?", the researcher might choose to conduct a randomised controlled trial.

In contrast, if the question is about the relationship between variables in a natural setting, an observational design might be chosen, where the researcher observes and records data without intervening. For example, if the question is "What is the relationship between parental involvement and academic performance in adolescents?", the researcher might choose to conduct a longitudinal study.

In conclusion, the research question is a crucial determinant of the methodology in a research project. It guides the choice of methods for data collection and analysis, shaping the entire research process.