Discuss the cognitive approach's understanding of cognitive distortions.

The cognitive approach understands cognitive distortions as errors in thinking that can lead to negative emotions and behaviours.

Cognitive distortions are patterns of thinking that involve biased or irrational interpretations of information. According to the cognitive approach, these distortions can lead to negative emotions and behaviours, as they can cause individuals to perceive situations in a more negative way than they actually are. Common cognitive distortions include all-or-nothing thinking, overgeneralisation, jumping to conclusions, and personalisation. For example, an individual who engages in all-or-nothing thinking may view a situation as either completely good or completely bad, without considering any shades of grey. This can lead to feelings of disappointment or frustration when things do not go exactly as planned.

The cognitive approach suggests that cognitive distortions can be addressed through cognitive restructuring, which involves identifying and challenging negative thoughts and replacing them with more realistic and positive ones. This can be done through techniques such as cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), which involves identifying and changing negative thought patterns. By addressing cognitive distortions, individuals can improve their emotional well-being and reduce negative behaviours such as anxiety or depression.