Define 'retrospective' and 'prospective' memory. How do they differ?

Retrospective memory refers to remembering events from the past, while prospective memory involves remembering to perform tasks in the future.

Retrospective memory is the ability to recall events, facts, and experiences from the past. It includes both episodic memory, which involves remembering specific events and personal experiences, and semantic memory, which involves recalling general knowledge and facts. Retrospective memory can be further divided into long-term memory, which stores information for an extended period, and short-term memory, which holds information temporarily.

Prospective memory, on the other hand, involves remembering to perform tasks or actions in the future. It is essential for everyday activities such as remembering appointments, taking medication, or completing tasks at work. Prospective memory can be either time-based, where a task is performed at a specific time, or event-based, where a task is performed in response to a specific event.

The main difference between retrospective and prospective memory is that retrospective memory involves recalling information from the past, while prospective memory involves remembering to perform tasks in the future. Both types of memory rely on different brain regions and cognitive processes, and deficits in either type of memory can have significant impacts on daily life. Understanding the differences between retrospective and prospective memory is crucial for understanding how memory works and how to improve memory performance.